阿俊20180123《京剧》

20180123 京剧Peking Opera 京剧(Peking Opera)已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。 Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years. 与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的声誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。 Compared with other Chinese local operas, Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation; but actually it absorbs many elements of other local operas. 京剧演员的脸谱（facial makeup)和戏服都很精美，相形之下布景则显得十分简单。 The facial makeups and costumes of the performers are usually very delicate;by contrast, the backdrops are quite plain. 京剧表演者主要应用四种技能：唱、念、做、打。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。 During the performance, the performers mainly utilize four skills: singing, speaking, acting and acrobatic fighting. In ancient times, Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air, so the performers developed a piercing style of singing that could be heard by everyone. 翻译讲解 1.享有更高的声誉:应翻译为enjoy a higher reputation。 2.融合:这里指借鉴和吸取之义，故译为absorb。 3.相形之下:译为短语by contrast。这类表示逻辑关系的表达易成为采分点，不要遗漏。 4.布景:译为backdrop最为贴切，如果不知道这个词，用background也可。 5.唱、念、做、打:要对京剧的这四种技能有所了解，不然很容易翻译错误，京剧中，唱指歌唱；念指具有音乐性的念白；做指舞蹈化的形体动作；打指武打和翻跌的技艺；故“唱、念、做、打”即可译为singing，speaking, acting and acrobatic fighting。 6.在户外:有固定表达in the open air。 7.形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔:“形成”这里指逐步形成，故译为 develop,而不用shape或form。“具穿透力的”译为piercing; “唱腔” 即“歌唱的风格”，译为style of singing。