感谢收听,期待你对本期节目的评论留言哦~
Part1
词汇小霸王
中级词汇1000
appeal
[əˈpi:l]
n. 上诉; 呼吁; (迫切的) 要求(帮助、同情等)恳求;
v.(迫切) 要求; 有吸引力; 求助(于); 提请注意; 将…移交上级法院审理;
appetite
[ˈæpɪtaɪt]
n. 欲望; 胃口,食欲; 嗜好,爱好;
applause
[əˈplɔ:z]
n. 掌声; 喝彩; 热烈鼓掌;
appliance
[əˈplaɪəns]
n. 器具,器械,装置; 家用电器;
appoint
[əˈpɔɪnt]
vt. 任命,委派; 约定,指定; 装设,布置;
appropriate
[əˈprəʊpriət]
adj. 适当的; 合适的; 恰当的;
approve
[əˈpru:v]
vt. 赞成,同意; 批准; 核准; 认可; 为…提供证据; 赞同; 称许; 称赞;
approximate
[əˈprɒksɪmət]
adj. 约莫的,大概的; 极相似的;
v. 接近于; 近似于; 靠近; 使接近; 使结合;
arbitrary
[ˈɑ:bɪtrəri]
adj. 乱; 随意的,任性的,随心所欲的; 主观的,武断的; 霸道的,专制的,专横的,独断独行的;
assemble
[əˈsembl]
v.集合,收集; 装配,组合;
assembly
[əˈsembli]
n. 装配; 集会; 议会; 立法机构;
assess
[əˈses]
v. 评定; 估价; 对(财产、收入等)进行估价(作为征税根据); 确定(损害赔偿金、税款、罚款等)的金额;
asset
[ˈæset]
n. 资产,财产; 有价值的人或物; 有用的东西; 优点;
assign
[əˈsaɪn]
v. 分派,选派,分配; 归于,归属; [法律] 把(财产,权利、利息)从一人转让给另一人; 把…编制;
assignment
[əˈsaɪnmənt]
n. 分给,分配; 任务,工作,(课外)作业; 任命; 指定,委派;
assist
[əˈsɪst]
n. 帮助; 援助; 机器助手; 辅助装置;
v. 帮助; 援助; 帮助某人做某事; 搀扶(某人)上下车; 援助; 出席; 参加;
assistance
[əˈsɪstəns]
n. 帮助,援助; 辅助设备;
associate
[əˈsəʊʃieɪt]
v. 联想; (使) 发生联系; (使) 联合; 结交; 联盟; 陪伴;
n. 合伙人; 伴侣; 非正式会员;
assume
[əˈsju:m]
v. 承担; 呈现; 假定,认为; 装出;
assumption
[əˈsʌmpʃn]
n. 承担; 假定,假设; 想当然; 采取;
assure
[əˈʃʊə(r)]
v. 向…保证; 使…确信; 给…保险;
attribute
[əˈtrɪbju:t]
v. 认为…是; 把…归于; 把…品质归于某人; 认为某事[物]属于某人[物];
n. 属性; (人或物的) 特征; 价值; [语法学] 定语;
audio
[ˈɔ:diəʊ]
adj. 音频的; 听觉的,声音的;
n. 音响; 声音回路; 可听到的声音; 声音信号;
auxiliary
[ɔ:gˈzɪliəri]
adj. 辅助的; 备用的,补充的; 附加的; 副的;
n. 助动词; 辅助者,辅助人员; 附属机构,附属团体; 辅助设备;
awkward
[ˈɔ:kwəd]
adj. 笨拙的; 令人尴尬的; 难对付的; 不方便的;
balcony
[ˈbælkəni]
n. 阳台; 包厢; (电影院等的) 楼厅,楼座;
bankrupt
[ˈbæŋkrʌpt]
adj. 破产的,倒闭的; 完全缺乏的; (名誉) 扫地的,(智力等)完全丧失的; 垮了的,枯竭的;
n. 破产者; 无力偿还债务者; 丧失(名誉,智力等)的人;
v. 使破产,使枯竭,使极端贫困;
banquet
[ˈbæŋkwɪt]
n. 筵席; 宴会,盛宴; 宴请,款待;
v. 宴请,设宴招待; 饮宴; 参加宴会;
barn
[bɑ:n]
n. 牲口棚; 谷仓,粮仓; (公共汽车、卡车等的) 车库; 一种特别大且空荡的房屋;
barrel
[ˈbærəl]
n. 桶; 一桶之量; 圆筒,活塞筒,滚筒; 圆筒;
adj. 桶状的;
v. 装进桶里,放进桶里;

Part2
真题长难句
If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
劈树:本句含有四个谓语,“charged”,“argue”,“have”,“would do”;可以切分为四个分句。
第一分句:they argue;
第二分句:If railroads charged all customers the same average rate;
第三分句:who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation;
第四分句:shippers … would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
造竹:第一分句为主干,作插入语;第二分句为“if”引导的条件状语从句;第三分句为“who”引导的定语从句;第四分句为“argue”的宾语从句。本句相当于“They argue,if railroads charged all customers the same average rate, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.”。
各分句中难词(词组)及在句中的含义:
charge (收费)
shipper (承运商)
option (选择权;条件)
switch (转变)
truck (公路货运)
transportation (运输方式)
remaining (剩余的;其余的)
shoulder (承担)
keep up (维持)
line (运线,线路)
分句详解
第一分句:they argue;
第一分句是全句的主干,作者将它放置在插入语的位置上;
第一分句翻译为:他们说;
第二分句:If railroads charged all customers the same average rate;
主语:railroads
谓语:charged
宾语1: all customers
宾语2: the same average rate
第二分句为虚拟语气,“if”就翻译为“如果,倘若”;
“railroads”翻译为“铁路公司”;
“charged all customers the same average rate”翻译为“对所有客户按同一比率收费”;
第二分句翻译为:如果铁路公司对所有客户按同一比率收费;
第三分句:who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation;
主语:who
谓语:have
宾语:the option
定语:of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation
“who”指“shippers”;
“of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation”是“of”介词短语,修饰“the option”;
“switching to”是动名词词组,含义为“转而选择”;
“trucks or other forms of transportation”中“trucks”同“other forms of transportation”是并列关系,翻译为“卡车运输或其它运输方式”;
第三分句翻译为:有条件转而选择卡车运输或其它运输方式的(承运商);
第四分句:shippers … would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
主语:shippers
谓语:would do
宾语:so
状语:leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line
“do so”指代“switch to trucks or other forms of transportation”,翻译为“这么做”;
“leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line”是现在分词“leaving”作伴随状语,补充说明导致的结果;
“leaving”可以翻译为“致使”;
“remaining customers”的含义为“其余的客户”;
“to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line”是不定式短语,含义为“承担维持线路的运营成本”;
第四分句翻译为:承运商可能会这么做,致使其余的客户承担维持线路的运营成本;
原文回顾: If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
全句翻译为:如果铁路公司对所有客户按同一比率收费,他们说,(那么)有条件转而选择卡车运输或其它运输方式的承运商(客户)可能会这么做,致使其余的客户承担维持线路的运营成本。
句式结构考点:条件状语从句;定语从句;
难度级别:

智慧点滴
You can conquer almost any fear if you will only make up your mind to do so. For remember, fear doesn’t exist anywhere except in the mind.
只要你下定决心,你可以克服任何恐惧。因为,要记住,恐惧仅存在于心里