介绍:
第6课：英语动词的使用规则
——Yoga Yu
go(走)、study(学习)、work(工作)、achieve(达到)、listen(听)、see (看)、smell(闻)、run(跑)、sit(坐)、stand(站)、do(做)、repair(修理)、like(喜欢)、think(思考)、produce(产生)、allow(许可)、arrest(逮捕)、manufacture(制造)、unite(联合)、cancel(取消)、apply(应用)、popularize(推广)、debate(辩论)、emphasize(强调)、stimulate(刺激)、recommend(推荐)……。
英语动词有三种：行为动词、系动词、助动词。
1.行为动词
“行为动词”，就是一个具体的动作。即:go (走), run (跑) , jump (跳) , do (做) , repair (修理) , think (思考), produce (产生)等。行为动词在使用时有5种书写形式，用在不同的情况下。它们是：原形式、三单式、过去式、V-ed 式、V-ing 式
原形式：即动词的原形，不加任何词尾。如：look；三单式：一般在动词尾加-s /-es 。 如：looks；过去式：一般在动词尾加-ed。如：1ooked；V-ed式：V表示动词，-ed 是词尾。如：1ooked；V-ing式:V表示动词，-ing是词尾。 如：1ooking；
1)行为动词5种书写形式的举例：work (工作) works worked worked working； paint (画) paints painted painted painting；jump (跳) jump jumped jumped jumping；study (学习) studies studied studied studying；
wash (洗) washes washed washed washing 。
2)行为动词5种书写形式的不规则变化
下面列出了它们的大部分，从翻译上可看出它们都是英语里最简单的单词：
have (有) has had had having； go (走) goes went gone going
do (做）does did done doing； bring (带来）brings brought brought bringing ；
build (建设）builds built built building ；put（放）puts put put putting ；
set (设置）sets set set setting；sit (坐）sits sat sat sitting；
1et (让) lets let let letting；cut (切割）cuts cut cut cutting ；
shut (关闭) shut shut shut shutting；buy (买) buys bought bought buying；
catch (抓住) catches caught caught catching；dig (挖) digs dug dug digging；
fight (打斗) fights fought fought fighting find (发现)；
finds found found finding；get (得到) gets got got/gotton getting；hear (听见) hears heard heard hearing；keep (保持) keeps kept kept keeping；
lay (躺下) lays laid laid laying；pay (花费) pays paid paid paying；
learn (学习) learns learnt learnt learning；
make (制造) makes made made making；take (带) takes took taken taking；
say (说) says said said saying；stand (站) stands stood stood standing；
teach (教) teaches taught taught teaching；
think (想) thinks thought thought thinking；win (赢得) wins won won winning；
wear (穿) wears wore worn wearing；rise (升起）rises rose risen rising；
break (打破) breaks broke ；broken breaking ；
drink (喝) drinks drank drunk drinking；
begin (开始) begins began begun beginning；eat (吃) eats ate eaten eating；
fly (飞) flies flew flown flying；give (给) gives gave given giving；
grow (生长) grows grew grown growing；
know (知道) knows knew known knowing；
ring (响)rings rang rung ringing；see (看) sees saw seen seeing ；
speak (说) speaks spoke spoken speaking；
steal (偷) steals stole stolen stealing；
swim (游泳) swims swam swum swimming；
wake (醒来) wakes woke/waked woken/waked waking；
write (写) writes wrote written writing；come (来) comes came come coming；
run (跑) runs ran run running；
become(变成) becomes became become becoming ；
2.联系动词be
汉语里“是”就是一个字，很简单，而英语里“是”有8个：联系动词就是“是”。它们是：be、is、am、 are、was、were、been、being。
3.助动词
助动词根据意思的不同可分成三类；它们是：
将来、能愿助动词：表达“将要、愿意”，如：will(将要)、would(过去将要)、should(应该)、could(过去能够)、can(能够)、may(可以) 、must(必须) 、might(或许) 、ought to(应该) 、have to(不得不) 、need(需要) 、dare(敢于)、had better(最好)、would rather (宁愿)等。
完成助动词：表达“曾经、已经”，有have 、has 、had 三个词。
正在、被助动词：即：be、is、am、are、was、were、been、being，8个词，表达“正在”、“被”，它们同时也是系动词，是借系动词来用一用。
以上三种助动词有时会同时安放在一个动词的前面，并且一般的安放次序是：
将来、能愿助动词 + 完成助动词 + 正在、被助动词 + 动词
如：will have been doing表示“将要一直做……”，动词doing前面加上了三个助动词will、have、been。
