介绍:
上一讲好像有人听哎，一周就超过5个赞，那就继续听。
上次听的是22讲，今天是第26讲。中间几讲主要说的是东西方3位历史学家，比较他们写历史的异同，其中包括司马迁。然后25讲是讲汉朝。这几讲一个是比较平淡，而且关于司马迁和汉朝，讲的内容还没有咱们历史课深。。再有就是如果逐集更，跟我听的进度会逐渐拉开，我就会烦。。。汗。
所以今天从26讲开始，如果听的人多，我可能会两三天更一期。因为从26讲开始是连续讲古罗马，最好连着听。
这讲题目叫the people of toga，我也是查了一下，原来toga就是长的题图这个样子↑ 是古罗马的标志性服饰。
古罗马整个政体分三个阶段，王权，共和，帝国。
这一讲主要是从建城传说，讲到共和推翻王权，及共和早期的一些事。
基本上Coriolanus的故事就发生在这个时期～～～
25分钟左右有一个很热血的小故事~
末尾还说敌人评价在战场上永不放弃的罗马人是Hydra，，，Hail，Hydra！
那个共和推翻王权的导火索，the rape of Lucrece，《极简欧洲史》有详细描写，强推~
下面是极简欧洲史里引述李维《罗马史》里的描写：
“He was hospitably welcomed in Lucretia’s house and, after supper, escorted, like the honoured visitor he was thought to be, to the guest chamber. Here he waited till the house was asleep and then, when all was quiet, he drew his sword and made his way to Lucretia’s room determined to rape her. She was asleep. Laying his left hand on her breast, ‘Lucretia,’ he whispered, ‘not a sound. I am Sextus Tarquinius, I am armed—if you utter a word I will kill you.’ Lucretia opened her eyes in terror; death was imminent, no help at hand. Sextus urged his love, begged her to submit, pleaded, threatened, used every weapon that might conquer a woman’s heart. But all in vain; not even the fear of death could bend her will. ‘If death will not move you,’ Sextus cried, ‘dishonour shall. I will kill you first, then cut the throat of a slave and lay his naked body by your side. Then everyone will believe that you have been caught in adultery with a servant and paid the price.’ Even the most resolute chastity could not have stood against this dreadful threat.
“Lucretia yielded. Sextus enjoyed her and rode away, proud of his success.
The unhappy girl wrote to her father in Rome and to her husband in Ardea, urging them both to come at once with a trusted friend and quickly, for a frightful thing had happened. Her father came with Valerius, her husband with Brutus, with whom he was returning to Rome when he was met by the messenger. They found Lucretia sitting in her room in deep distress. Tears rose to her eyes as they entered and to her husband’s question, ‘Is it well with you?’ she answered, ‘No, what can be well with a woman who has lost her honour? In your bed, Collatinus, is the impress of another man. My body only has been violated; my heart is innocent and death will be my witness.“Give me your solemn promise that the adulterer shall be punished. He is Sextus Tarquinius. He it is who last night came as my enemy disguised as my guest and took his pleasure of me. That pleasure will be my death—and his too if you are men.’
The promise was given. One after another they tried to comfort her, they told her she was helpless and therefore innocent, that he alone was guilty. It was the mind, they said, that sinned, not the body: without intention there could never be guilt.
‘What is due to him,’ Lucretia said, ‘is for you to decide. As for me, I am innocent of fault but I will take my punishment. Never shall Lucretia provide a precedent for unchaste women to escape what they deserve.’ With these words she drew a knife from under her robe, drove it into her heart and fell forward, dead. Her father and her husband were overwhelmed with grief. While they stood weeping helplessly, Brutus drew the bloody knife from Lucretia’s body and holding it before him cried: ‘By this girl’s blood—none more chaste till a tyrant wronged her—“and by the gods I swear that with sword and fire and whatever else can lend strength to my arm, I will pursue Lucius Tarquinius the Proud, his wicked wife and all his children, and never again will I let them or any other man be king in Rome.”
摘录来自: Hirst，John. “The Shortest History of Europe.” Old Street Publishing, 2011. iBooks.
此材料受版权保护。
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