石湾公仔(英文篇:Shiwan Art Pottery)

石湾公仔(英文篇:Shiwan Art Pottery)——大湾区非遗 想听中文版，请继续关1046227Shunnie奇妙的世界 朗读：Shunnie 石湾公仔Shiwan Art Pottery You never know Shiwan pottery sculpture? But you may have seen the Shiwan art dolls which are Internet celebrities. They are all deceptive and inspiring. Figure pottery sculptures are the mainstream works of Shiwan pottery sculptures. Besides, they also include animals, garden art, and ware pottery sculptures. Foshan traditional art article introduced the Nan Feng Gu Zhao that has been burning for 500 years, and mentioned that "Shiwan tiles are the best in the world." Shiwan Town, Foshan, the southern city's pottery capital, has a history of 5,000 years of using clay to sculpt pottery. It reached its peak in the Song Dynasty and reached its greatest popularity during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, becoming an important commodity on the Maritime Silk Road. Foshan Shiwan pottery in the south and Jiangxi Jingde porcelain in the north are well-known in the world. Unlike official kilns like Jingde Town, Shiwan is a folk kiln, and its pottery is produced for market demand and export. In addition to the production of pottery for daily use, there are also works of arts and crafts, such as art pottery and garden tile ridges. The roof tile ridges of temples and temples in Hong Kong and Macau have completely retained the tile ridges made in Shiwan. 制作工艺production process The pottery craftsmanship is a perfect combination of clay, glaze, and fire. Shiwan pottery sculptures are also the same, but they also have local characteristics. 原料raw material Making pottery is inseparable from pottery clay. The local pottery clay and granite in Shiwan have better texture and are unique raw materials for pottery. Mixing clay is a common method in Shiwan pottery, and clays from other place must be blended with local clays before they can be used. 工序Process The production of pottery sculptures includes four steps: clay mixing-preform-glazing-calcination. 泥 Mud Mud is the base of pottery. Practicing clay is also called raw material processing. The clay, water, and granite are mixed and stirred evenly to make the clay moderately soft. This is the first step in making pottery. 形 Shape The shape is the main heart of the pottery. There are many shaping methods. Among them, we must talk about hand-made and blanking. Hand-making is the process by which Shiwan craftsmen give imagination to the work. Every step is creation; blanking is the use of the rotating power of the blanking machine to match the movements of the hands. Pull the mud on the turntable into various shapes. After the pottery is formed, it needs to be modified to highlight the details. Among them, the carving technique is particularly important. It is known as "embroidery on ceramics". It uses scrapers, bamboo slices, and other tools to carve the pottery to make its shape fine and vivid. 釉 Glaze The glaze is the "clothes" of pottery. The famous Tang Sancai is a kind of pottery with various colored glazes. There are not only three colors, but the products mainly made of blue, green, and yellow are the most precious. The color of Shiwan glaze varies according to the formula, and it is colorful. Taking black glaze as an example, it is made of river mud, lime, plant ash, and other ingredients. It is black and bright in color. It is mostly collected by folk artists because of its practicality and beauty. The black-glazed teacup was popular in the Song Dynasty. It is an indispensable tool for tea art competition, and it is still preserved in the Japanese tea ceremony. 火 Fire The use of fire is the greatest discovery of mankind in the Paleolithic Age, and the calcination of fire is also a key step in pottery making. Shiwan people call the kiln "stove", which is divided into steamed bun kiln and dragon kiln due to different shapes. The dragon kiln is named after a building with a certain slope and resembling a dragon. The Nan Feng Gu Zhao mentioned earlier is the famous dragon kiln. Today it still retains the tradition of using firewood for three days. The temperature in the kiln rises from 0 to 1000 and reaches a maximum of 1300 degrees. After 18 hours of high-temperature calcination and 30 hours of natural cooling, the clay can be turned into pottery. 石湾公仔-明清“潮玩” 不知道石湾陶塑？但你也许见过网红的石湾公仔，他们个个神形兼备、让人爱不释手。人物陶塑是石湾陶塑的主流作品，此外，还包括动物、园林艺术以及器皿陶塑等。 佛山传统艺术篇介绍过500年薪火不断的南风古灶，提到“石湾瓦，甲天下”。南国陶都佛山石湾镇，以泥塑陶已有五千年的历史，在宋代迎来高峰，明清时期达到全盛，成为海上丝绸之路的重要商品。佛山石湾陶、江西景德瓷，一南一北享誉天下。不同于景德镇这样的官窑，石湾是民窑，其陶器为市场需求和外销进口而生产。除了生产日用陶器外，还有工艺美术作品，比如艺术陶塑以及园林瓦脊，香港和澳门地区的庙宇寺院屋檐瓦脊上，完整保留了石湾制造的瓦脊。 制作工艺 制陶技艺是泥、釉和火的完美结合，石湾陶塑也是如此，但又有地方特色。 原料 制陶离不开陶土，石湾当地陶土和岗砂质地较好，是特有的制陶原料。配泥是石湾制陶常见的手法，产地不同的陶土都必须与本地陶土调配后才能使用。 工序 陶塑制作，包括练泥 塑坯’上釉 煅烧四个环节 泥 泥是陶器的肌底。练泥又叫原料加工，将陶土、水和岗砂进行混合搅拌均匀，使陶泥加工成适度软性，这是制陶的第一步。 形 形是陶器的框架。塑形方法有很多，其中不得不谈手制和拉坯， 手制是石湾工匠对作品赋予想象的过程，点滴都是创作；拉坯则是利用拉坯机旋转的力量，配合双手的动作，将转盘上的泥团拉成各种形状。陶坯成型后，需要修饰才能突出细节。其中刻塑手法尤为重要，它被誉为“陶瓷上的刺绣”，使用刮刀、竹片等工具雕琢陶坯，使其造型精细，形象鲜明。 釉 釉是陶器的“衣裳”。著名的唐三彩就是一种施以多种彩釉的陶器制品，三彩不仅只有三种颜色，但以青、绿、黄三色为主的制品最为珍贵。石湾釉色根据配方不同，呈色浓淡不一，斑斓多彩。以黑釉为例，它由河泥、石灰、草木灰等配料制成，呈色黑亮，因兼具实用和美感多被民间艺术家收藏。黑釉茶盏盛行于宋代，是斗茶必备的工具，在日本茶道中依然保留。 火 火的使用是旧石器时代人类最伟大的发现，火的煅烧也是制陶中关键的一步。石湾人称窑为“灶”，因形状不同分成馒头窑和龙窑等。龙窑依一定的坡度建筑，以斜卧似龙而得名，之前提到的南风古灶就是有名的龙窑，如今它还保留了用三日柴火烧制的传统。窑炉内的温度从0上升到1000，最高达到1300度。陶泥经过18小时的高温煅烧和30小时的自然冷却，才能变成陶塑。