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LEVEL 1 LESSON 21
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In this lesson, we are going to have a look at how to make negative sentences in Korean. There are mainly two ways to do this.
How to make negative sentences in Korean
1. Adding 안 [an] before a verb
2. Using the negative verb ending, 지 않다 [ji an-ta]
Method #1 is more simple and more colloquial, and method #2 is relatively formal but not necessarily only for formal situations.
If you want to use method #1, and add 안 [an] before a verb, it’s easier than method #2 because you don’t have to worry about the different tenses of your sentences. The word 안 [an] doesn’t change the tense.
Examples
가다 [ga-da] = to go
집에 가요. [jib-e ga-yo] I’m going home. / I go home.
집에 안 가요. [jib-e an ga-yo] I’m NOT going home. / I DON’T go home.
집에 안 가요? [jib-e an ga-yo?] You’re NOT going home? / You DON’T go home?
버리다 [beo-ri-da] = to throw away
그거 버렸어요. [geu-geo beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] I threw it away
그거 안 버렸어요. [geu-geo an beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] I DIDN’T throw it away.
그거 아직 안 버렸어요. [geu-geo a-jik an beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] I DIDN’T throw it away yet.
Examples using method #2 (adding 지 않다 [ji an-ta])
지 않다 [ji anta] is the basic form and you need to conjugate it according to the tense, too.
Present tense: 지 않아요 [ ji a-na-yo]
Past tense: 지 않았어요 [ ji a-na-sseo-yo]
** You can apply the same verb conjugating rules as for the other verbs.
가다 [ga-da] = to go
가지 않다 [ga-ji an-ta] = to not go
가지 않아요 [ga-ji a-na-yo] = I DON’T go. / I’m NOT going.
가지 않았어요 [ga-ji a-na-sseo-yo] = I DIDN’T go.
버리다 [beo-ri-da] = to throw away
버리지 않다 [beo-ri-ji an-ta] = to not throw away
버리지 않아요 [beo-ri-ji a-na-yo] = I DON’T throw it away.
버리지 않았어요 [beo-ri-ji a-na-sseo-yo] I DIDN’T throw it away.
Very short sample dialogs
1.
A: 아파요? [a-pa-yo?] = Does it hurt?
B: 안 아파요. [an a-pa-yo] = It doesn’t hurt.
A: 안 아파요? 진짜 안 아파요? [an a-pa-yo? jin-jja an a-pa-yo?]
= It doesn’t hurt? It really doesn’t hurt?
B: 안 아파요. [an a-pa-yo] = It doesn’t hurt.
2.
A: 안 먹어요? [an meo-geo-yo?] = You are not going to eat?
B: 안 먹어요! [an meo-geo-yo!] = I’m not eating!
A: 정말 안 먹어요? 맛있어요! [ jeong-mal an meo-geo-yo? ma-si-sseo-yo]
= You are really not going to eat? It’s delicious.
B: 안 먹어요. 배 안 고파요. [an meo-geo-yo. bae an go-pa-yo]
= I’m not eating. I’m not hungry.
3.
A: 이거 매워요? [i-geo mae-wo-yo?] = Is this spicy?
B: 아니요. 안 매워요. [a-ni-yo. an mae-wo-yo] = No. It’s not spicy.
A: 진짜 안 매워요? [ jin-jja an mae-wo-yo?] = It’s really not spicy?
B: 네. 안 매워요. [ne. an mae-wo-yo] = No, it’s not spicy.
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