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In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Unbanked.
Even if you don't follow up on any financial news, I'm sure in the past couple of days, you have seen the headlines about the Silicon Valley bank collapse.
即使你完全不关注金融新闻, 相信在过去的几天内也刷到了美国硅谷银行倒闭的信息.
Now this has triggered a lot of discussions even fear about the security of banks.
今天的buzzword我们不讨论新闻, 就来说说和银行有关的词Unbanked. 这个词没有特别正式的官方翻译, 基本上你可以把它理解为 “没有银行账户的人”.
Now it's easy to assume that with the world's digital financial services advancements that everyone today has a bank account, but this is far from the truth.
According to the World Bank's latest report, nearly 1.4 billion people are unbanked globally. That's close to 1/5 of the global population.
在听节目的大家可能每天用着各种的移动金融/移动支付, 会觉得这个世界上所有的人都至少会有银行账户, 但实际上这个世界上有将近14亿的人口是属于unbanked的状态.
Unbanked is an informal term for adults who do not use banks or banking institutions in any capacity.
指的就是不使用任何银行或者银行机构的成年人.
While often an issue in the developing world, there are also pockets of unbanked adults in developed countries.
Unbanked people generally pay for things in cash. They also typically do not have insurance, pensions, or any other type of financial money related services.
这一部分的人口他们通常都只能用现金或者一些其他的方式进行交易, 同时也基本上不会有保险, 养老金等等专业的和银行相关的服务.
They may take advantage of alternative financial services such as check-cashing and payday lending if such services are available to them.
那需要钱的时候, 他们有的时候会通过check-cashing, 支票兑换, 或者一个叫做payday lending, 发薪日贷款, 也就是承诺说用你下一次发的薪水来偿还你现在的借贷这样的一个短期的金融服务.
Now remember earlier I said there is also unbanked population in developed countries. However, there is no doubt that there is a widening disparity between the world's developed and developing countries when it comes to banking services.
According to the UN’s report, in 2021, developed countries have 94% of adults with a bank account, while in developing countries that figure plummets to 71%.
There is also a divide between men and women with more women in the unbanked population.
除了没有银行账户Unbanked这个词, 其实还有一个相关的词汇叫做Underbanked.
This refers to families who have checking or savings accounts, so these basic accounts, but they more often rely on alternative financial services such as money orders, check-cashing services, payday loans as opposed to traditional loans and credit cards to manage their finances.
这个Underbanked相当于说是银行业务使用率不足, 这样的家庭他即使有基本的银行账户, 与其选择这些传统的银行借贷或者是信用卡, 他平时的一些金融需求可能更多的会去选择, 比如说像money orders汇票以及我们刚才说的发薪日贷款或者是支票兑换等等服务.
Now you probably want to ask why people become unbanked, because it sounds very inconvenient.
Now according to the Global Findex survey, people who remain unbanked, they give specific reasons.
The most common one is simply lack of money. Another reason is some unbanked adults said that they just don't need an account, some others state that bank accounts are just too expensive.
And other reasons include distance, documentation requirements, distrust in the financial system and religious concerns.
According to surveys in developed countries, including the US and UK you can hear some similar reasons for being unbanked.
This includes cost of opening bank accounts or managing your finances at a bank, lack of trust in mainstream banking institutions or simply people's lack of financial literacy or knowledge of banking products.
