小学语法知识之名词
一.名词:名词单数变复数
(一)名词单复数的变形口诀:
(1)在Y(ou)FO上,x战警s/ch/sh
(2)男人、女人小孩子,大家一起洗脚牙
(二)具体变形规则:
(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,改y为i再加es:
Strawberry---strawberries
(2)以f/fe结尾的单词,改f/fe 为V再加es:
Knife---knives
(3)以o结尾的单词:
黑人英雄奥巴马爱吃土豆和西红柿+es
(4)单词尾部以x/s/ch/sh结尾的,我们要加es
举例:box—boxes,dress--dresses
(5)人类变形要注意
Man---men ,woman---women,child---children,
water---water(水)---液体大多不可数
Foot—feet ,tooth ---teeth
二、名词词性转换(名词变形容词)
(1)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)
例如:rain—rainy,health—healthy, wind—windy,
注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加“-y”。
如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有雾的), (2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加“-y”。
如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮
(3)。在名词后加-ly变为形容词
例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely,
三、名词的所有格
有些名词的可以加’s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。
常规所有格:(1)生命体+’s举例:Lily’s 莉莉的
(2)并列名词:A and B
A +B ’s (A和B事物共有的)
A’s and B’s(A 和B事物各自的)
2.短语所有格
有生命的名词,我们用's结构来表示所有关系,如果是无生命的,我们就要用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示。
the window of the house(这间房子的窗户)
注意当's所有格用来表示事物类别或属性时不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋应是men's,而不是shoes of men。
3.双重所有格
of +名词所有称为双重所有格,使用时要注意以下几项。
1)表示部分时,前面的词一定要有a ,an ,some ,any ,few ,two ,no ,several (几个) the ,this ,that ,these ,those于名词前之类有修饰语,不能是one和the 。
如可说:a book of my brother's 我兄弟的一本书
一、请写出下列词的复数形式。(名词单复数考核 )
city _____ zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mouse _____ book__________ dress_________ sheep___________ tea______ strawberry_________ peach__________ sandwich__________
paper_________ juice__________ water____________ fish________
二、根据题意选出正确的答案(名词单复数以及所有格考核)
1. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
2. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
3. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
4. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room’s number B. rooms’ number
C. room numbers D. rooms’ numbers
5. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s
三、填入所给名词的正确形式 (名词单复数)
1. I have two____________ (knife)
2. There are many ___________ here. (box)
3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus)
4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The ______________ are playing football now. (child)
6. Please take two _______________ for me. (photo)
7. I like the red ________________.(tomato)
8. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth)
9. Do you want some _________? (milk)
10. There are ten ________ _______in our school. (woman teacher)