介绍:
春节 The Spring Festival
农历 lunar calendar
正月 lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar
除夕 New Year’s Eve; eve of lunar New Year
初一 the beginning of New Year
元宵节 The Lantern Festival
文化习俗Customs:
过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival
对联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry
春联 Spring Festival couplets
剪纸 paper-cuts
年画 New Year paintings
买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping
敬酒 propose a toast
灯笼 lantern: a portable light
烟花 fireworks
爆竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)
红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)
舞狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)
舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)
戏曲 traditional opera
杂耍 variety show; vaudeville ['vɔːdəvɪl]
灯谜 riddles written on lanterns
灯会 exhibit of lanterns
守岁 staying-up
拜年 pay New Year’s call; give New Year’s greetings; New Year’s visit
禁忌 taboo [tə'buː]
去晦气 get rid of the ill-fortune
祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors ['ænsestə]
压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year gift
文化背景Culture Note:
In the old days, New Year’s money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations [dɪ,nɒmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n]面额 considered auspicious [ɔː'spɪʃəs]吉利的and given to represent luck and wealth
辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year
扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning
新春祝福Blessings:
金玉满堂 Treasures Fill The Home
生意兴隆 Business Flourishes
岁岁平安 Peace All Year Round
恭喜发财 Wishing You Prosperity
和气生财 Harmony Brings Wealth
心想事成 May All Your Wishes Come True
吉祥如意 Everything Goes Well
国泰平安 The Country Flourishes And People Live In Peace
招财进宝 Money And Treasures Will Be Plentiful
一帆风顺 Wishing You Every Success
步步高升 Promoting To A Higher Position
出入平安 Safe Trip Wherever You Go
祝你新的一年快乐幸福 Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year!
事业成功，家庭美满 Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!
食品名称Food names:
年糕 Nian-gao; rice cake; New Year cake
团圆饭 family reunion dinner
年夜饭 the dinner on New Year’s Eve
饺子 Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli [,rævɪ'əʊlɪ]
汤圆 Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings
八宝饭 eight treasures rice pudding
糖果盘 candy tray
什锦糖 assorted candies—sweet and fortune
蜜冬瓜 candied winter melon—growth and good health
西瓜子 red melon seed—joy, happiness, truth and sincerity
金桔 cumquat ['kʌmkwɔt]—prosperity
糖莲子 candied lotus seed - many descendents to come
糖藕 candied lotus root—fulfilling love relationship
红枣 red dates—prosperity
花生糖 peanut candy—sweet
扫尘Sweeping the dust
Dust is homophonic [hɒmə'fɒnɪk]谐音的with “chen” in Chinese, which means old and past, in this way, sweeping the dust before the spring festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word, just before the spring festival comes, every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.
吃饺子Having jiaozi
On new year’s eve, the whole family will sit together to make jiaozi and celebrate the spring festival. The shape of jiaozi is like gold ingot ['iŋɡət] from ancient china. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure. The tradition of having jiaozi is very important during the spring festival. You cannot have a complete spring festival without having jiaozi.
春节联观晚会The CCTV New Year’s gala
The New Year’s gala is a variety show held by china central television since 1983. For every year since then at the turn of the lunar new year, the program begins at 8:00PM and lasts 5 or 6 hours. It brings laughter to billions of people, creates many popular words and produces lots of TV phenomena for the Chinese both at home and abroad. Many Chinese would like to watch the gala while having the dinner on New Year’s eve.
Similar to the importance of the Christmas Day for the westerners, the Spring Festival is the most important celebration for Chinese people. Although the meaning and the methods of celebration of the Spring Festival are changing with the time, the important status of the Spring Festival is incomparable [ɪn'kɒmpərəbəl].
中国的春节如同西方国家的圣诞节一样，是中国人最重要的节日。虽然庆祝春节的方式和意思随着时代发生了变化，但是春节的重要象征是其他节日不能相比的。
According to the traditional custom, the Spring Festival lasts from the 23rd day of 12th lunar month to the 15th day of 1st lunar month, and the climax should be the New Year Eve and the first day of first lunar month.
根据中国的传统习俗，春节从阴历十二月二十三日到来年的一月十五日结束。春节最高潮的部分是在新年前夜和大年初一。
People carry out a lot of activities all over the country to welcome the Spring Festival. In the countryside, this kind of preparation starts from the beginning of 12th lunar month. All the families clean their houses, wash their clothes and bed sheets. Fresh new clothes and sheets commemorate [kə'meməreɪt]庆祝 the fresh New Year! Special New Year purchases are also important parts of upcoming [ʌp'kʌmɪŋ]即将来临的 New Year. In the city, they celebrate the New Year with art teams performances, various entertainment parties, and the big parks hold “temple fairs” to provide recreation, food and art!.
人们以各种各样的活动来庆祝春节的到来。在农村，为春节到来做的各种准备从农历十二月就开始了。每家每户打扫房间，清洗衣服和床单，换上新衣新床单，庆祝新来的到来。年前的新年大采购也很重要。在城市，各种艺术表演，娱乐表演，大公园举行的庙会等，为大家提供了各种物质美餐和艺术美餐。
There are different traditional customs in different parts of China, but the whole family having reunion dinner together in the New Year Eve is indispensable [ɪndɪ'spensəbəl]不可缺少的. In the South China, the reunion dinner usually has more than ten meals including bean curd and fish, because the pronunciation of these two meals means “wealthy” in Chinese language. In the North China, most of the reunion meals are dumplings, which are made and eaten by the whole family.
中国各地方的传统习俗不一样。但是家庭所有成员在春节前夜一起吃团年饭是必不可少的。在中国南方，团年饭常常有十多道，其中包括豆腐，鱼，因为这两道菜的发音在汉字中意味着富有。在中国北方，所有家人都要在一起制作并享用饺子。
People usually stay up late and set off fireworks on New Year’s Eve. By the first day of first lunar month, people are wearing festival dresses and begin to visit or welcome family, friends and loved ones. They greet each other “Happy New Year” and “Happy Spring Festival” and invite guests to drink tea and chat at their home.
人们常常在春节前夜守夜，观赏烟花。到大年初一，人们穿上节日盛装，到亲朋好友家拜年，或迎节客人的到来。人们彼此之间道着新年好，新春快乐，一起喝茶，聊天。
There are a plethora ['pleθərə]过剩 of activities during the Spring Festival including opera and movie performances, lion dances and temple fairs. There are also people who prefer to stay at home and watch television. Pasting New Year scrolls and watching festive lanterns are also the traditional movements for the Spring Festival celebration.
春节期间，有很丰富的文节活动，包括歌剧，电影，舞狮子，逛庙会。也有一些人愿意呆在家里看电视。在中国，挂对联，观灯笼也是中国的传统活动。
The ways of Spring Festival celebration are changing along with the standard of living. For instance, traveling has becoming a new fashion of Spring Festival celebration.
庆祝春节的方式随着生活水准发生着变化。例如，旅游成为新的庆祝春节的方式。
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