介绍:
Walden [ˈwɔldən] (Issue 162)
13. House-Warming (9)
[11] The pond had in the meanwhile skimmed over in the shadiest and shallowest coves, some days or even weeks before the general freezing. The first ice is especially interesting and perfect, being hard, dark, and transparent, and affords the best opportunity that ever offers for examining the bottom where it is shallow; for you can lie at your length on ice only an inch thick, like a skater insect on the surface of the water, and study the bottom at your leisure, only two or three inches distant, like a picture behind a glass, and the water is necessarily always smooth then. There are many furrows in the sand where some creature has travelled about and doubled on its tracks; and, for wrecks, it is strewn with the cases of caddis-worms made of minute grains of white quartz. Perhaps these have creased it, for you find some of their cases in the furrows, though they are deep and broad for them to make. But the ice itself is the object of most interest, though you must improve the earliest opportunity to study it. If you examine it closely the morning after it freezes, you find that the greater part of the bubbles, which at first appeared to be within it, are against its under surface, and that more are continually rising from the bottom; while the ice is as yet comparatively solid and dark, that is, you see the water through it. These bubbles are from an eightieth to an eighth of an inch in diameter, very clear and beautiful, and you see your face reflected in them through the ice. There may be thirty or forty of them to a square inch. There are also already within the ice narrow oblong perpendicular bubbles about half an inch long, sharp cones with the apex[ˈeɪpeks] 顶点 upward; or oftener, if the ice is quite fresh, minute[ˈmɪnɪt] spherical bubbles one directly above another, like a string of beads. But these within the ice are not so numerous nor obvious as those beneath.
同时这湖在它正式上冻之前数天甚至数星期，在最曲折和最浅的水湾结了层薄冰。新生的冰特别有趣和完美，坚硬、发黑、透明，提供了检查浅浅的湖底前所未有的最佳机会；因为当冰仅结了一英寸厚你可以在它上面平卧，像只水蚊子，去舒舒服服研究湖底仅距两到三英寸，湖底像玻璃后面的一幅画，而且那里的水总要保持平滑才行。沙里有很多沟纹而一些动物又在周围巡游把轨迹变成双行；而那些残骸遍布沟纹，都是制造出白色石英细微谷物的石蚕蛹yǒng作案的结果。也许是它们弄皱它，因为你还在那些沟纹里发现了类似案件，虽然要它们来完成就过深和过宽。但是冰本身是最诱人的对象，虽然你必须改进最早期那些观察它的机会。如果你检查早晨那刚冻结的冰，你会发现更大量气泡的部分，起先是在冰内，现在也顶到冰的顶层，还有更多在持续从底层上升；那是在冰还相对结实和发黑的时候，那就是，你看到水穿过了它。这些气泡直径八十分之一到八分之一英寸不等，非常清澈美丽，透过冰在它们里能看到在映射出你的脸。一平方英寸有三十到四十个。在冰里已经有了一些狭窄椭圆和垂直气泡儿，约半英寸长，尖锐锥形，锥尖儿冲上；或经常地，如果是刚结的新冰，细小的空心泡儿一个摞着一个，像串珠。但这些在冰里不属于大量，也不像冰底那么明显。
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