介绍:
特斯拉的 CEO 伊隆•马斯克是出了名的大忙人。因为他其实同时运营着三个估值超过十亿美金的公司，同时还是五个公司的创始人。梦想着有一天要去火星、得挤时间陪五个孩子、还要忙着约会。
根据过往公开访谈，最忙的时候。马斯克一周工作超过 100 小时。也就是说，他平均要工作超过 14 个小时。为了保持高强度的工作，咖啡和健怡可乐都是马斯克的最爱。他每天得消灭掉 8 罐健怡可乐和好几个大杯的咖啡。
在2014年南加州大学毕业演讲中，马斯克分享了自己自从创业以来的故事，同时也给了同学们四点建议，分别是：努力工作、专注、不要随大流、趁着年轻，用于冒险。
Alright, thank you.
So, I’ve got about apparently I’ve got about five to six minutes to say the most useful things I can think of.
I’m gonna do my best.
It was suggested that I distill（精炼） things down to 3 items.
I think I’ll go with four.
And I’ll try, I think, I think these are pretty important ones.
Some of it may kinda sound like, well you’ve heard them before.
But, you know, worth reemphasizing（反复强调）.
I think the first is, you need to work, if you, depending on how well you want to do,
particularly if you want to start a company, you need to work super hard.
So what is super hard mean?
Well, when my brother and I were starting our first company, instead of getting an apartment,
we just rented a small office and we slept on the couch and we showered in the YMCA（青年旅社）.
We’re so hard up (缺钱） that we had just one computer.
So the website was up during the day, and I was coding at night.
7 days a week, all the time.
And I, sort of briefly had a girlfriend in that period and in order to be with me,
she had to sleep in the office.
So, work hard, like, every waking hour.
That’s the thing I would say, particularly if you’re starting a company.
And I mean, if you do the simple math, you say like somebody else is working 50 hours a week and
you’re working 100, you’ll get twice as done, as much done, in the course of the year as the other company.
第一，非常努力地工作(work super hard)：想创业的人，尤其得如此。我跟我弟弟成立第一家公司Zip2的时候，我们租了一间办公室，直接就睡在沙发上，每天跑到YMCA洗澡，而且两人只有一台电脑。我们的网站只能在白天上线，因为晚上我要写程式。就这样，每周工作七天，只要是醒着的时候都在工作。
The other thing I’d say is that if you’re creating a company, or if you’re joining a company,
the most important thing is to attract great people.
So either be with, join a group that’s amazing, that you really respect.
Or, if you’re building a company, you’ve got to gather great people.
I mean, all a company is, is a group of people that have gathered together to create a product or service.
So depending upon how talented and hard working that group is,
and to the degree(在某种程度上) in which they are focused cohesively in a good direction,
that will determine the success of the company.
So, do everything you can to gather great people, if you’re creating a company.
第二，吸引顶尖人才与你共事：企业是一群人集合在一起创造产品或服务。不论你要创业或进入企业工作，关键都在与顶尖人才共事。你应该设法加入一个优秀团队，跟那些让你佩服的人一起工作。创业的话，更要想尽办法，找到最厉害的人才。
Then, I’d say focus on signal over noise.
A lot of companies get confused.
They spend a lot of money on things that don’t actually make the product better.
So, for example, at Tesla, we’ve never spent any money on advertising.
We’ve put all the money into R and D and manufacturing and design to try and make the car as good as possible.
And, I think that’s the way to go. For any given company, keep thinking about,
“Are, these efforts that people are expending, are they resulting in a better product or service?"
And if they’re not, stop those efforts.
第三，聚焦在信号，而非杂音(signal over noise)：很多企业混淆了焦点，花很多钱去做一些不会让产品变得更好的事情。在特斯拉，我们从不做广告，而是把钱投入研发和生产设计，不断改进产品。每家公司都应该自问，我们所做的这些事情，到底有没有让产品或服务更好，如果没有，就应该喊停了。
And then the final thing is, is to sort of, don’t just follow the trend.
So, you may have heard me say that it’s good to thinking terms of the physics approach, the first principles.
With is, rather than reasoning by analogy,
you boil things down to the most fundamental truths you can imagine, and then you reason up from there.
And this is a good way to figure out if something really makes sense, or is it just what everybody else is doing.
It’s hard to think that way, you can’t think that way about everything.
It takes a lot of effort. But if you’re trying to do something new, it’s the best way to thing.
And that framework was developed by physicists to figure out counter intuitive things, like quantum mechanics.
第四，不要盲目跟随潮流：物理学研究的第一条原则，不要以类比方式来推理，应该从最根本的真理开始思考。物理学家就是运用这种原则，搞懂一些反直觉的东西，例如量子力学。所以，多利用这个原则来判断，你做的事情是否真的合理有意义，还是其实你只是在跟随别人？如果你想开创新事业、开发新产品，这是最好的思考方法。
And anyways, so that’s, and then the final thing I would encourage you to do is now is the time to take risks.
You don’t have kids, you’re obligations, well! Some of you… Hahaha, you probably don’t have kids.
But as you get older, your obligations start to increase.
So, and, once you have a family, you start taking risks not just for yourself, but for your family as well.
It gets harder to do things that might not work out. So now is the time to do that.
Before you have those obligations. So I would encourage you to take risks now, and to do something bold.
You won’t regret it.
最适合做这些事情的时候是大学时代或大学刚毕业，因为这个时候你身上承担的责任较轻，不需要养家。随着时间推移，你身上的担子越来越重，你就需要承担更大的风险。年纪愈大，要承担的责任愈多。你要面对可能会失败的风险时，往往还要考虑到身边的其他人，变得比较犹豫。
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