Coherence ---连贯性
一、因果连接
Because=as=coz due to sth.=because of sth. in this case, which means so, therefore, as a result, as a consequence
二、轻重缓急
1. First of all =for starters=first off=firstly one reason/problem/advantage/benefit is that...
2. plus=also=besides=additionally=on top of that another reason/problem/ advantage/benefit is that...
Q: What are the benefits of travelling?
A: Well, I think travelling has a multitude of benefits. For starters, it’s a great way for people to unwind. Many people nowadays are under a great deal of pressure and they may even feel depressed because of it, so it’s quite important for them to do something from time to time in order to relax. I believe travelling is one of the best things they can do.
A: Another benefit of travelling is that it allows people to see different cultures, traditions and lifestyles. In fact, I just came back from New Zealand, and what I found there was that people in this county lived a very slow pace of life, which is really different from where I come from.
三、定语从句
1. ...who is... ...which is... ...where...
Q: Who is your favorite celebrity?
A: My favorite celebrity is Hebe, who is a really well-known singer in China. I adore her because...um, just because she is so beautiful and has a wonderful voice. So you know, I listen to her songs every day, no matter where I go. Q: What outdoor activities do you like?
A: Well, the outdoor activity that I enjoy the most is absolutely hiking, which I think is getting more and more popular in China now. I like to go to the northeast of my hometown where I usually hike for 3 or 4 hours on the weekends, either alone or with some of my close friends, which is extremely enjoyable.
四、填充词
1. Um, I’m not sure... I don’t really know, but... Well, let me think about it... Let me see...What else can I say?
2. Hang on a second... How can I put it? Oh, that’s a tough one. God, I forgot the word... I don’t know much about this, but I... Q: Is there anything you don't like about your hometown?
A: Oh, yeah, it’s the fact that there are so many people everywhere. You know, every morning, when I go to work, the bus is...um, what’s the word? Sorry, I was going to say a very good word, haha. Oh, yeah, jam-packed! Buses are usually jam-packed in my hometown, which makes my ride to school very uncomfortable.
五、提出观点
1. I think... what I think is that... I guess... I suppose... In my opinion, as far as I’m concerned, the way I see it I believe... I bet... I'm convinced that... What I think is that cities will be less noisy in the future because factories are being moved out of cities and fewer and fewer drivers honk their horns on the roads.
I bet I’ll live in my hometown for the rest of my life coz I’m so attached to it.
六、具体化
1. To be more specific, to be exact, in fact=actually The Forbidden City is hundreds of years old. To be more specific, it was built in the 1400s, so that was 600 years ago.
2. After jogging for 5 months, I successfully got slimmer. To be exact, I lost 25 pounds.
3. I’m into various types of movies, like comedies, sci-fi movies, documentaries and so on. But, um, in fact, what I love the most are absolutely comedies, because they always give me a good laugh.
七、通常
1. Generally speaking, generally, typically Generally speaking, Chinese students are quite shy when it comes to giving a speech or presentation, so they absolutely have to work more on these.
2. Typically, children in China are asked by their parents to learn a musical instrument when they’re very small.