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Fish Slime Inspires New Eco-Sunscreen Ingredient
防晒霜的生态危害
Anyone who’s gone snorkeling at a coral reef lately may have been discouraged from slathering on too much sunscreen. In some places, the non-biodegradable skin protection is actually banned. That's because researchers reckon that some four to six thousand tons of sunscreen float off the skin of snorkelers every year, enveloping corals in a cloud of chemicals—chemicals that can sicken or even bleach the coral.
任何曾经有过在珊瑚礁旁潜水经历的人最近也许已经被上面覆盖的大量防晒油搞的十分烦躁了吧。有些地方，非生物可降解类的护肤品真的是应该被禁止。这是因为研究人员们判定每年大约有4-6千吨的防晒霜类物质从潜水者的皮肤上漂浮出来，然后成为了包裹在珊瑚上的一层化学物质—— 这些化学物质能够使珊瑚生病或者退色。
But a more eco-friendly way of saving our skin might be to copy nature's tricks. Algae and cyanobacteria produce sunlight-absorbing compounds. So do reef-dwelling fish, in the protective slime on their bodies. Researchers isolated those molecules, called mycosporines, which absorb both UV-A and UV-B rays.
而更生态友好的一种护肤方法也许应该在自然界中寻找。藻类和蓝细菌就可以制造出可吸光的化合物。住在珊瑚中的鱼类也可同样，它们的身体可以分泌出保护性质的粘液。研究人员们已经分离出这种分子，并称之为mycosporines，它可以吸收UV-A和UB-V 。
Mycosporines have actually been used before in a few SPF products, but in a form that can both penetrate our skin, and easily wash off.
Mycosporines实际上以前曾被用在一些SPF级产品上，但是是以一种能穿透 皮肤并且容易清洗的形式添加的。
So the biochemists attached the mycosporines to chitosan, a polymer derived from the shells of shrimp and crabs. This hybrid package, they say, is a more effective sunscreen, with constituents too big to pass into the skin, and it’s more resistant to washing off. It's also hypoallergenic, and did not affect cell development, in in-vitro tests. The findings appear in the journal Applied Materials & Interfaces. [Susana C.M. Fernandes et al, Exploiting Mycosporines as Natural Molecular Sunscreens for the Fabrication of UV-Absorbing Green Materials]
因此生化学家们把mycosporines连接到了几丁质上，这种多聚体来源于虾和蟹的外壳。这种杂交产物，他们说，可比防晒霜更有效的保护皮肤，但是所含的成分太大不足以穿透皮肤层还耐清洗。它还是低致敏性的，在体外实验上的结果显示它 不会影响细胞发育。该研究已发表在《应用材料和界面》杂志上。
The researchers say that besides providing a superior sunscreen, this material could also lead to more durable paints and plastics—think lawn chairs, and other outdoor items that take a beating from light and heat. And to be clear—this stuff is not being bottled just yet. But it could be soon, they say. Which could help protect the environment, in addition to saving our skin.
研究人员们说出了能用于制作高级防晒霜，这种材料也能被用于提高油漆和塑料的耐受性——想象一下草坪上的椅子，和其它可提供有力抵抗光线和热能的户外产品。并且，很清楚的是——这件商品就是还没有装瓶售卖而已。但是应该块了，他们说。除了保护我们的皮肤外，它还能保护环境。
—Christopher Intagliata
