DWD20200305

David's Time With Peter F. Drucker 2020.3.5 Add to this today's "superiors"usually have not held the jobs their "subordinates" hold——as they did only a few short decades ago and as still is widely assumed they do. To be sure, these associates are "subordinates" in that they depend on the "boss" when it comes to being hired or fired, promoted, appraised and so on. But in his or her own job the superior can perform only if these so-called subordinates take responsibility for educating him or her, that is, for making the "superior" understand what market research or physical therapy can do and should be doing, and what "results" are in their respective areas. In turn, these "subordinates" depend on the superior for direction. They depend on the superior to tell them what the "score" is. Altogether, an increasing number of people who are full-time employees have to be managed as if they were volunteers. They are paid, to be sure. But knowledge workers have mobility. They can leave. They own their "means of production," which is their knowledge. ——《Management Challenges for the 21st Century·Chapter1》(Peter F.Drucker,1999)