DWD20200417

David's Time With Peter F. Drucker 2020.4.17 Global Competitiveness All institutions have to make global competitiveness a strategic goal. No institution, whether a business, a university or a hospital, can hope to survive, let alone to succeed, unless it measures up to the standards set by the leaders in its field, anyplace in the world. One implication: It is no longer possible to base a business or a country's economic development on cheap labor. However low its wages, a business——except for the smallest and most purely local one, for example, a local restaurant——is unlikely to survive, let alone to prosper, unless its workforce rapidly attains the productively of the leaders of the industry anyplace in the world. There is true particularly in manufacturing. For in most manufacturing industries of the developed world the cost of manual labor is rapidly becoming a smaller and smaller factor——one-eighth of total costs or less. Low labor productivity endangers a company's survival. But low labor costs no longer give enough of a cost advantage to offset low labor productivity. ——《Management Challenges for the 21st Century · Chapter2》(Peter F.Drucker,1999)