GA2020.8.8

David's Time With Peter F. Drucker 2020.8.8 冠鼎学院（GA）——识别·培养·考验未来的领导者 To do that requires four sets of diagnostic: foundation information, productivity information, competence information, and resource allocation information. Together they constitute the executive's tool kit for managing the current business. Foundation Information The oldest and most widely used set of diagnostic management tools are cash-flow and liquidity projections and such standard measurements as the ratio between dealers' inventories and sales of new cars, the earnings coverage for interest payments on a bond[bɑːnd] issue, and the ratios between receivables outstanding more than six months, total receivables, and sales. Those may be likened to the measurements a doctor takes at a routine physical: weight, pulse, temperature, blood pressure and urinalysis. If those readings are normal, they do not tell us much. If they are abnormal, they indicate a problem that needs to be identified and treated. Those measurements might be called foundation information. ——《Management Challenges for the 21st Century · Chapter4 Information Challenges》(Peter F.Drucker,1999)