介绍:
HAPPY ABC - 异域风情的玻利维亚
K:Hey,guys,welcome to today’s HAPPY ABC.I’m your friend Kenny邢晨雨.
W :I’m your friend Winnie 马冠颖 !
K:Have you heard of Bolivia, Winnie?
W:就是那个很著名的旅游胜地玻利维亚吗?
K:Yep! Bolivia!
W:嗯……我听过乌尤尼盐湖，好像它就在玻利维亚。There’s one thing I heard about, Uyuni salt flats,which is located in Bolivia,officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia ,is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. 以前我在地理杂志里好像看到过有关它的介绍！
K：Yeah! It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is the Andean mountain range.
W:Wow,I got it! 玻利维亚全名是多民族玻利维亚国，是位于南美洲中西部的一个内陆国家。他与许多国家都接壤，比如说巴西呀，巴拉圭还有阿根廷等等。其三分之一的国土是安第斯山脉。
K: Haha, you are so knowledgeable!棒棒哒！（W:haha thank you so much!）And what you are mentioned is our main theme, so today we are gonna pore over upon this exotic country:Bolivia. 这就是我们此次的话题啦，今天呢我们就与大家一起深入了解玻利维亚这个充满异域风情的国家。
W:没错！为什么要说玻利维亚充满异域风情呢？因为它是一个多种族的国家，整个国家一千多万人口，其中就有墨西哥人，欧洲人，亚洲人和非洲人。The reason why we call it an EXOTIC country is it is a multiethnic place,its population is 10000000,which includes Mexicans, Europeans, Asians and Africans .
K:No wonder it’s reported a multiracial and multicultural.难怪人们都说玻利维亚是个多文化的国家呢！
W:So what kind of language did they speak? 啊那我很好奇了，他们讲什么语言呢？
K: 你可以大胆猜一下啊！
W:English?German?Or Spanish?诶，你直接告诉我答案吧！
K:哈哈你已经猜对了，没错就是西班牙语！Spanish! It’s a historical event!
W:历史事件？这和历史又有什么关系呢？
K:不知道了吧，下面就一起来听听吧。The Spanish conquest of the Bolivia began in 1524, and was mostly completed by 1533. The territory now called Bolivia was known as Charcas, and was under the authority of the Viceroy of Lima. Local government came from the Audiencia de Charcas located in Sucre. Founded in 1545 as a mining town, then it soon produced fabulous wealth, becoming the largest city in the New World with a population exceeding 150,000 people.By the late 16th century, Bolivian silver was an important source of revenue for the Spanish Empire.
A steady stream of natives served as labor force under the brutal, slave conditions of the Spanish version of the pre-Columbian draft system called the mita. Bolivia was transferred to the Plata in 1776 and the people from Buenos Aires, the capital of the Viceroyalty, coined the term "Upper Peru" as a popular reference to the Royal ,and led the indigenous rebellion that laid siege to La Paz in March 1781, during which 20,000 people died. As Spanish royal authority weakened during the Napoleonic wars, sentiment against colonial rule grew.
源源不断的本地人担任劳动力在残酷,哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的西班牙语版本的奴隶条件系统称为mita草案。玻利维亚被转移到银1776年和人民从布宜诺斯艾利斯,总督的职位的资本,创造了这个词“上秘鲁”作为流行的皇家,并带领的原住民反抗围攻拉巴斯1781年3月,在这期间有20000人死亡。西班牙皇家权威削弱在拿破仑战争期间,情绪来对抗殖民统治了。
玻利维亚的西班牙征服开始于1524年,主要是在1533年完成。现在叫玻利维亚境内被称为Charcas,总督的权威下,利马。当地政府来自Audiencia de Charcas位于苏克雷。成立于1545年作为一个矿业城镇,然后很快就产生了巨额财富,成为新的世界最大的城市,人口超过150000人。16世纪后期,玻利维亚银是西班牙帝国的一个重要的收入来源。
W:You really intrigued me,you have to tell me more!这还真是一段神奇的故事啊,晨雨。
K: Yes, except those tough period, the people in there has been friendly and hospitality since the ancient times. And when we travel there, those hosts will treat us as their family!
撇去那段艰辛往日不说，玻利维亚人民可是自古以来就非常热情好客呢！如果我们去那里旅游，那里的人民会把我们当作家人一样。
W: Oh, when you refer to travel, I am wondering why don’t we travel to Uyoni salt flat and visit other scenic spots and historic sites? Maybe it will astonish us a lot!哇，你这么一说我还真的想去看看了呢。哎呀，你一说起旅游，我突然就想起了乌尤尼盐湖，那也是一个美丽的地方呢，然后再去其他的历史古迹去参观参观。很有可能会让咱们大吃一惊。
K: I’d like to go there but we must prepare a lot about its weather condition and something else.
我很乐意呀，但是我们在出发之前可得好好规划规划，比如说查找一些关于玻利维亚气温的资料还有别的东西。
W: Like what? 还有什么其他需要考虑的呢？让我来猜猜看。We need to think a lot about it location, climate so as to let us put our clothes and other plans into mind.
K: You’re right! 我们需要仔细考虑当地的地形条件，天气状况啊，以防我们衣服准备错了。
W:Oh, I checked out some datas of the Uyuni salt base. It is the world's largest salt flat at 10,582 square kilometers .一些关于乌尤尼盆地的相关资料说它是世界上最大的盐滩，占地面积达到了10582平方公里！
K:Well, It is located in southwest Bolivia, near the crest of the Andes and is at an elevation of 3,656 meters above the horizon line.The area has a relatively stable average temperature with a peak at 21 °C in November to January and a low of 13 °C in June. The nights are cold all through the year, with temperatures between −9 and 5 °C. The relative humidity is rather low and constant throughout the year at 30% to 45%. The rainfall is also low at 1 to 3 millimeters per month between April and November, but it may increase up to 70 millimeters in January. However, except for January, even in the rainy season the number of rainy days is fewer than 5 per month.没错，乌尤尼盆地位于玻利维亚西南部,波峰附近的安第斯山脉,海拔3656米在地平线之上。该地区有一个相对稳定的平均温度峰值在11月到1月21°C和6月13°C。全年都晚上冷,气温−9和5°C之间。相对湿度很低,全年不变，在30%到45%之间。降雨也低,在4月和11月，每月1 - 3毫米之间，但它可能会增加，1月份达到70毫米。然而,除了1月,即使在雨季，雨天的数量少于每月5毫米。
W:It seems that we much care about the temperature fluctuation between day and night. And we’d better take some coats in case the low temperature.看起来我们要多留心早晚温差了，我看呀我们最好带些大衣以防降温。
K:Yes ,you’re right!And do you know how the Uyuni salt flats become?
W:Umm, Salar de Uyuni is part of the Altiplano of Bolivia in South America. The Altiplano is a high plateau, which was formed during uplift of the Andes mountains. The plateau includes fresh and saltwater lakes as well as salt flats and is surrounded by mountains with no drainage outlets.我记得阿塔卡玛高原高原的一部分，也就是乌尤尼盐湖，是在南美洲玻利维亚。高原是高原,在安第斯山脉的隆起形成的。高原包括新鲜和咸水湖泊以及盐沼和四周环山,没有排水渠道。
K:The Salar was formed as a result of transformations between several prehistoric lakes. It is covered by a few meters of salt crust, which has an extraordinary flatness with the average elevation variations within one meter over the entire area of the Salar. The crust serves as a source of salt and covers a pool of brine, which is exceptionally rich in lithium. It contains 50 to 70% of the world's known lithium reserves,which is in the process of being extracted.
W:没错。怪不得最出名的高山盐湖就是乌尤尼（uyuni）湖呢，它还被称为世界上最美丽的地平线。乌尤尼盐湖事实上是一片广阔的沙漠，湖面像镜子一样，反射着令人窒息的天空景色，这也就是传说中的“天空之境”。它由几个湖泊组成，每个湖泊的色彩和结构各异，根据盐中所含的矿物质不同而呈砖红色、绿色、青绿色或银灰色。乌尤尼盐湖大约有100亿吨的盐，每年都可以萃取2.5万吨的盐呢!
K:Wow，that sounds fascinating and I can’t stop packaging and go there right now!
听起来超赞！我都忍不住想收拾东西马上走！
W:Great man thinks alike! Well, shall we go right now?
英雄所见略同啊！所以我们现在要出发吗？
K:Of course!
当然！
W:OK,that’s all today’s HAPPY ABC.Thanks for your listening.
K:Bye.
大家还在听
