介绍:
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被动语态
一、引入环节
学习目标
1.掌握被动语态的结构
2.掌握从主动语态转换成被动语态的方法
观察句子
A recorder is used in our English class every day.
Football is played all over the world.
A camera is used for taking photos.
A bank was robbed yesterday.
A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.
The tree must be planted on the ground.
The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’time.
They will be sent to the hospital right now.
A talk will be given soon.
Look and find out the similarities (相同点):
Football is played all over the world.
A camera is used for taking photos.
A bank was robbed yesterday.
A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.
The tree must be planted on the ground.
The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’ time.
They will be sent to the hospital right now.
A talk will be given soon.
二、知识讲解
Conclusion: (一)
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时, 或者只需强调动作的承受者时, 要用被动语态。
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
被动语态的构成：be +动词过去分词
如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时句子后面需接by…，译为“被（由）……”。
各个时态的被动语态
被动语态的否定句和疑问句
主动语态如何改成被动语态？
小测试：请把下列句子转换成被动语态
1. Many people speak English.
2. He bought me a new bike yesterday.
3. The boss made him do the heavy work in the old days.
4. Tom must hand in the composition after class.
Conclusion: (二)
主动语态如何改成被动语态？
1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。
2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。 do→be done
3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。
4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to 或 for.
如: give → be given to 此类动词还有: pass, show, send…
再如: buy → be bought for 此类动词还有: make, draw, cook, mend…
5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语, 改成被动语态时, to必须还原。
注意：
1. 不及物动词（vi.) 不用被动语态。如:happen、take place 、appear、disappear…
例句：A traffic accident _________ (happen) just now.
2. 连系动词(Link.v.)不用被动语态。如: be、look、seem、feel、sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become…
例句： Peking Opera _________ (sound) beautiful.
3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态 。
例句： The pen _____ (write) very fast.
This kind of sweater ____ (sell) well.
被动语态的其他注意事项 ：
1.适合被动语态的情况
不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时
例句：This jacket is made of cotton.
The book was written for children.
需要突出或强调动作的承受者时
例句：Food is needed by every living thing.
English is widely used nowadays.
2.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况
当宾语是反身代词时
例句：The man introduced himself as Mr. Parker.
I found myself in the park.
当谓语是表状态的及物动词时
例句：Does the pair of new shoes suit you?
We will have a meeting.
三、练习环节
1. If the work ____, you can go and play games.
A. finished B. has finished
C. will be finished D. is finished
2. It was raining heavily outside, the children were made ____ in the classroom.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
3. Kate ___ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
A. has written B. was written
C. had written D. is writing
4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ___ into the river.
A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw D. may not throw
5. I like my bike. It ___ very well.
A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden
6. —I won’t come to the party unless Tom ___, too.
—You mean if Tom comes, you’ll come.
A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited
7. Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story ______ it.
A. laughed at B. was laughed
C. laughed D. was laughed at
8. The children must _______.
A. look after B. be taken good care
C. look the same D. be taken good care of
9. The woman still doesn’t know what __ in her hometown while she was away.
A. happens B. happened
C. will happen D. was happened
10. — I saw you were on foot this morning.
—Yes. My bike ___.
A. is mending B. is being mended
C. is mended D. is being mending
用括号内单词的适当形式填空:
1. All the students ____________ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.
2. Are many ways _____ (try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?
3. —What are on show in the museum?
—Some photos _______ (take) by American children.
4. This coat _________ (wash) well.
5. Must the old people ___________ (speak) to politely?
6. I’m often _______ (warn）not to copy others’ homework.
7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ____________ (disappear).
8. I’ll have my bike _________________ (mend/repair) tomorrow.
9. Have you found your necklace _______ (steal) last week?
10. The PRC was __________ (found) on October 1, 1949.
