介绍:
English Classroom 5.31
C Hello, I'm Crystal. Welcome to English Classroom, with me today are our old friends, let us hear their voices:
Jason Vanessa Lexi Nancy
J What kind of soft drinks do you like ?
L Coffee I think.
C Wow, coffee might be one of my favorite as well, in today’s programme we're going to be talking about coffee.
V Coffee? I've actually got one here in front of me
L What kind of coffee are you drinking?
N It's a skinny latte. What's yours?
J I've gone for a flat white today. (Sound of sipping). Mmm. That tastes good.
C Looks good too! The market for the world's most popular drink has come a long way since the days of instant coffee, when we just added boiling water to some brown powder. As one of the most popular drinks in the world, coffee has a long history.
The earliest credible evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in Yemen. It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed, in a similar way to how it is now prepared. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia, Turkey, and northern Africa. Coffee seeds were first exported from Ethiopia to Yemen. Yemeni traders took coffee back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. The first coffee smuggled out of the Middle East was by Sufi Baba Budan from Yemen to India in 1670. Before then, all exported coffee was boiled or otherwise sterilised. Portraits of Baba Budan depict him as having smuggled seven coffee seeds by strapping them to his chest. The first plants grown from these smuggled seeds were planted inMysore. Coffee then spread to Italy, and to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.
V
From the Middle East, coffee spread to Italy. The thriving trade betweenVenice and North Africa, Egypt, and the Middle East brought many goods, including coffee, to the Venetian port. From Venice, it was introduced to the rest of Europe. Coffee became more widely accepted after it was deemed a Christian beverage by Pope Clement VIII in 1600, despite appeals to ban the "Muslim drink." The first European coffee house opened in Rome in 1645.
L
The Dutch East India Company was the first to import coffee on a large scale. The Dutch later grew the crop in Java and Ceylon. The first exports of Indonesian coffee from Java to the Netherlands occurred in 1711.
When coffee reached North America during the Colonial period, it was initially not as successful as it had been in Europe as alcoholic beverages remained more popular. During the Revolutionary War, the demand for coffee increased so much that dealers had to hoard their scarce supplies and raise prices dramatically; this was also due to the reduced availability of teafrom British merchants, and a general resolution among many Americans to avoid drinking tea following the 1773 Boston Tea Party.
J
After the War of 1812, during which Britain temporarily cut off access to tea imports, the Americans' taste for coffee grew. Coffee consumption declined in England, giving way to tea during the 18th century. The latter beverage was simpler to make, and had become cheaper with the British conquest of India and the tea industry there. During the Age of Sail,seamen aboard ships of the British Royal Navy made substitute coffee by dissolving burnt bread in hot water.
Coffee has become a vital cash crop for many developing countries. Over one hundred million people indeveloping countries have become dependent on coffee as their primary source of income. It has become the primary export and backbone for African countries like Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia, as well as many Central American countries.
V Wow, coffe really has a history! Nowadays, as we can see, coffe has become a popular lifestyle. After that came the giants like Starbucks and Costa Coffee who made coffee drinking trendy and a lifestyle statement. People are far more aware of what they're drinking these days.
L But I don't think we should forget what lies behind the coffee we enjoy every day. It's a hugely complicated business.
N Yes, it's the second biggest commodity in the world, after oil. That means the price of coffee is changing every
