关键词汇
new-old
large/big-small/little
expensive-cheap
easy-difficult
句型语法
物主代词
物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构,
例如:
Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.
Jack是第三人男性单数,代词是he,所以jack's cap=his cap
His cap 意为 The cap is his.
句型
表述某样东西属于某人
第一种结构
指示代词+is/are+形容词性物主代词+物品名称 指示代词有单数形势this that这个那个 复数形式的these those这些那些。
第二种结构
指示代词/定冠词the+物品+is/are +名词性物主代词
举例
这本书是我的
This/That is my book.=This/That/The book is mine.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词
如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)双音节词
如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;
如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.
如:good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”.
如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.
注意:
① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.
②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.
如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.
2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天气越来越凉爽.
The wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大.
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽.
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.
The more money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多.
The sooner,the better.
越快越好.
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:
①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍.