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Select Few Can Truly Drink to Their Health
【科学60秒】饮酒也要看基因
If you like to wind down with a drink, you've perhaps also rationalized the act with this often repeated claim: > But a new study finds that alcohol's supposed benefit may in fact only be available to certain people—who happen to have the right genes.
如果你喜欢用喝一杯作为放松,或许你也常用这句经常被人们重复的话来为自己的这种行为找个借口: 新闻主播说道”你不需要因为喝了一点红酒或者白酒就感到内疚: 如果少量的话,它们是对你的心脏有好处的东西.” 但是一项最近研究发现，酒精的这种好处也许实际上只适合某些人群——那些刚好有适合的基因的人群。
Researchers studied 600 Swedish men and women with heart disease, and compared them to some 3,000 healthy volunteers. They asked the subjects about their drinking, measured their blood cholesterol, and sequenced each subject's version of a gene that governs the transport of cholesterol to the liver.
研究人员们对600名有心脏病的瑞典男女和大概3000明健康志愿参与人员进行了相关对比研究。他们询问了这些研究对象关于饮酒的喜好，并测量计算了他们的血胆固醇含量，对每个人体内的负责转运胆固醇到肝脏的基因进行了测序比对。
Turns out, moderate drinking—a couple of drinks a day—appeared to lower heart disease risk overall by 20 percent. But subjects who had a specific variant of that cholesterol transport gene, and tipped back a few? They had an 80 percent reduction in heart disease risk. And the gene variant isn't protective by itself; only when combined with booze. The results appear in the journal Alcohol. [Kirsten Mehlig et al: CETP TaqIB genotype modifies the association between alcohol and coronary heart disease: The INTERGENE case-control study]
结果显示，适度饮酒的人——大约喝几小杯的量吧——整体上能低20%的心脏病患病风险。但是个别有特殊胆固醇转运载体基因的人群，患病风险会上升点儿么？ 他们患心脏病的风险要少80%.而这种基因变体本身并不起这种保护心脏的作用；只是在酗酒行为的条件下，才最后导致上述结果。该研究的结果已发表在《酒精》杂志上。
Unfortunately, only about 15 percent of us have this variant. Study author Dag Thelle, of the University of Gothenburg, says that past studies which found what looks statistically like a slight heart benefit of moderate drinking in large populations, could actually just be detecting this huge alcohol benefit, in the small, lucky gene group. While the vast majority of drinkers get no benefit at all.
不幸的是，我们所有人中大概只有15%具有这种变体基因。该研究的作者 瑞士哥德堡大学的Dag Thelle表示，过去那些发现在大量人群中适度饮酒的行为对心脏在统计学意义上有益的相关研究，实际上，只是由于监测到在一些少部分具有这种变异基因的人群中的这种过量酒精导致的健康意义。而绝大多数嗜酒者根本不可能因此获益。
So any message here for drinkers? > The study's too small, he says, and has to be repeated. However, > Before you order that next round, you might wanna take that idea to heart.
那么，有没有给嗜酒者一些建议呢？“我觉得没有。在现在还不能说些什么。现在做结论还太早。”他说，这项研究的采样数据还是太少，而且还需要重复验证一下。尽管如此，“我的朋友中有很多人都表示他们饮酒很适度。但是当我看到他们的行为时，我认为个体行为差异还是蛮大的。”在你点下一杯之前，你也许还是要先想想那个研究的观点吧。
