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Inclusion Illusion Lessens Racial Bias
【科学60秒】身体错觉体验
Our ability to empathize depends, in part, on how much we see ourselves in others. Watch someone get smacked in the face and you’re likely to wince. And studies show you’re more likely to feel the sting when the other person is more like you, when it comes to age or sex or race.
我们表现出同情的能力，在一定程度上，是基于我们看到了多少别人的眼里的自己。看到某个人被扇了一巴掌，你很可能就赶紧躲开是非之地了。但有些研究显示，当你看到和自己类似的人受到苦难的时候，你自己很可能也会感同身受，类似的地方可能是年纪，性别或者种族。
But what if we could literally see ourselves differently?
但如果我们真的看到不同的自己，又会怎样呢？
To find out, psychologists engaged in some experimental body swapping. They use illusions that convince subjects that a rubber hand is actually part of their body or that a virtual body belongs to them. With these tricks, researchers can get light-skinned volunteers to see themselves as having a dark-skinned hand, face or entire body.
为了找到答案，心理学家们进行了一些关于身体交换的试验。他们采用错觉假象的手法，让实验对象们相信自己真的有一只橡胶手掌或者一种虚幻存在的身体某部分。由于使用这些手法，研究人员们可以让浅肤色的志愿人员看到自己有深肤色的手，脸或者整个身体！
Before and after they experience the false physicality, the volunteers take a test that measures their implicit racial bias. And they show a clear shift in their attitudes, reflecting more positive associations toward the group to which they temporarily felt they belonged. The study is discussed in a review article in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences. [Lara Maister et al, Changing bodies changes minds: owning another body affects social cognition]
身体部位的错觉体验试验进行前后，志愿参与的人员们需要进行一项测试，是关于他们对种族偏见的真实想法。可以看到他们的态度有清晰的转变，测试结果反映出他们对自己曾体验过的那种人群有了更积极的看法。该研究已在一篇发表在《认知科学趋势》杂志上的综述文章中被讨论了。
Whether these enlightened attitudes last over time is not clear. But a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Even if you take that step on virtual feet.这种被启发出来的态度是否会随着时间的流逝持续下去还不甚明了 。这只是万里长征开始的第一步而已。哪怕你有可能是用虚拟出的双脚迈出的这一小步。
