DWD20200317

David's Time With Peter F. Drucker 2020.3.17 The inward focus of management has been greatly aggravated in the last decades by the rise of Information Technology. Information Technology so far may actually have done more damage to management than it has helped, as discussed in greater depth in Chapter 4. The traditional assumption that the inside of the organization is the domain of management means that management is assumed to concern itself with efforts, if not with costs only. For effort is the only thing that exists within an organization. And, similarly, everything inside an organization is a cost center. But results of any institution exist only on the outside. It is understandable that management began as a concern for the inside of the organization. When the large organizations first arose——with the business enterprise, around 1870, the first and by far the most visible one——managing the inside was the new challenge. Nobody had ever done it before. But while the assumption that management's domain is the inside of the organization originally made sense——or at least can be explained——its continuation[kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃn] makes no sense whatever. It is a contradiction of the very function and nature of organization. ——《Management Challenges for the 21st Century ·Chapter1》(Peter F.Drucker,1999)