纽约美食家眼中的羊肉泡馍
Eating in Xi’an, Where Wheat and Lamb Speak to China’s Varied Palette
吃在西安,从小麦和羊肉中看见多彩的中国
By Ligaya Mishan
I have come to Xi’an, like many before me, to eat yangrou paomo in the old town’s Muslim Quarter, a warren of aged alleys measuring roughly a square mile.
和以往的很多人一样,我来西安,也是为了钻进老城区占地约一平方英里的回民街,去它纵横交错的古老巷道中吃羊肉泡馍。
At Lao Liu Jia Paomo, a clattering, no-nonsense canteen, the meal begins with an empty bowl and a pale round of flatbread, steamed and crisped until it’s hard on the outside but still spongy within.
老刘家泡馍馆是一家嘈杂而利索的小馆子。在这里吃饭,首先端到你面前的是一个空碗和一片浅色的薄面饼,它经过先蒸后烙,口感外硬里软。
All customers are enlisted as prep cooks: Before we can eat, we must tear the bread into a hundred tiny pieces to fill that bowl. The bread then submerged — mo meaning “bread” and pao “soak” — in a fennel-laced broth of lamb bones simmered for half a day, with fatty cuts of yangrou (lamb) on top.
所有的顾客都好像成了厨师的帮手:在可以进餐之前,我们必须把薄饼掰碎成上百个小块儿,装满之前的空碗。之后,面饼(mo 的意思是“面包”,而 pao 的意思是“浸泡”)会被淹没在煨了半天、带有茴香味的羊骨汤中,其上还会摆上肥美的羊肉块。
The drenched crumbs suggest a proto-noodle, as if knots of raw dough had been dropped directly into the broth to boil and set. It’s life-affirming; I can feel a plush new layer forming under my skin, protecting me from winter.
这种泡透的小面团让人想到一种原始的面条,好像一堆生面团小疙瘩被直接扔进肉汤里煮到成型一样。它让人发觉:人间值得。我能感到自己的皮肤之下舒舒服服地新长出了一层绒,护我于严冬之外。
Yangrou paomo belongs wholly to China’s north. Lamb is a legacy of nomadic herding on the Eurasian Steppe that reaches from Mongolia to Hungary. The presence of bread, too, attests to a geographical rift, marked by the Qinling Mountains, which separate the cool north from the warm and humid south, the wheat fields from the rice paddies.
羊肉泡馍为中国北方所独有。羊肉源自于横跨蒙古和匈牙利的欧亚大草原,这里曾盛行游牧。面包的存在则印证了地理上的分界线:秦岭隔开了凉爽的北方和温暖潮湿的南方,也隔开了麦田和稻田。
内容拓展:
default setting 默认设置、配置
生词好句
1.Speak to
作为……真实存在的证据(to be evidence that sth. exists or is true)
2.Varied
UK /ˈveərɪd/ US /ˈverɪd/
adj. 各种各样的
3.Palette
UK /ˈpælət/ US /ˈpælət/
n. 调色板
拓展:
palate n.(对美食的)鉴赏力
4.Quarter
UK /ˈkwɔːtə/ US /ˈkwɑːtər/
n. 城市里具有相同性质(独特风味)的地区
拓展:
Chinese Quarter 华人区
Muslim Quarter 回民区,坊上
5.warren
UK /ˈwɒrən/ US /ˈwɔːrən/
n. 特别拥挤的地区
拓展:
a warren of narrow streets 狭窄而密集的街道
6.alleys
UK /ˈæli/ US /ˈæli/
n. 小街;小巷
7.clattering
UK /ˈklætə/ US /ˈklætər/
vt./vi.(使)发出响亮的撞击声
拓展:
clattering adj. 嘈杂的
8.no-nonsense
adj. 务实的,不说废话的(only interested in doing what is necessary)
9.canteen
UK /kænˈtiːn/ US /kænˈtiːn/
n. (特指单位或学校的)食堂
10.a pale round of
一片、一块(a slice of)
11.steamed
UK /stiːm/ US /stiːm/
vt. 蒸(食物)
拓展:
steamed dumplings 蒸饺
12.crisped
UK /krɪsp/ US /krɪsp/
vt. (使)变脆
13.spongy
UK /ˈspʌndʒi/ US /ˈspʌndʒi/
adj. (像海绵一般的)松软的,有弹性的
拓展:
The earth is spongy from rain.
雨后的泥土很松软有弹性。
The bread had a spongy texture.
面包的质感很松软。
14.enlisted
UK /ɪnˈlɪst/ US /ɪnˈlɪst/
vi./vt. 征召,招募
拓展:
enlist in the army 服兵役
enlist the help of the public in solving the crime 寻求公众协助破案
15.prep cooks
帮厨
16.submerged
UK /səbˈmɜːdʒ/ US /səbˈmɜrːdʒ/
vi.(使)潜入水中;淹没
拓展:
emerge v. 浮出水面;出现,显现
17.soak
UK /səʊk/ US /soʊk/
vi. 浸泡
18.fennel-laced
加了茴香的
拓展:
sth. + laced 添加了……的,加了……料的
lace v. 在食物、饮料中添加
I laced my coffee with some Whisky.
我在咖啡里加了威士忌。
A cup of whisky-laced hot chocolate is the ideal drink in winter.
在寒冷的冬日,能喝一杯威士忌热巧克力简直再好不过了。
19.broth
UK /brɒθ/ US /brɑːθ/
n. 肉汤
20.simmered
UK /ˈsɪmə/ US /ˈsɪmər/
vi. 炖
21.fatty
UK /ˈfæti/ US /ˈfæti/
adj. 肥美的
22.cuts
UK /kʌt/ US /kʌt/
n. (从屠宰后动物躯体上)切下的肉块(量词)
23.drenched
UK /drentʃ/ US /drentʃ/
vt. (使)浸透,湿透
24.suggest
UK /səˈdʒest/ US /səˈdʒest/
vt. 使人联想到……
25.proto-noodle
n. 生面条
拓展:
前缀proto- 表示最初的,没有加工、修饰的(meaning original or primitive)
prototype UK /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ US /ˈproʊtətaɪp/
n. (产品或设计的)原型
26.life-affirming
UK /ˈlaɪfəˌfɜːmɪŋ/ US /ˈlaɪfəˌfɜrːmɪŋ/
adj. 积极向上的
27.plush
UK /plʌʃ/ US /plʌʃ/
adj. 带着绒毛的,长毛绒的
28.nomadic herding
游牧业
29.presence
UK /ˈprezəns/ US /ˈprezəns/
n. 出现,存在
30.attests to
证明、证实某样东西的存在
拓展:
近义表达:speak to sth.
31.geographical rift
地理分界线
拓展:
rift n. 裂缝; 裂口; 破裂处 (a crack, a split or a break in sth.)
32.wheat fields
麦田
33.rice paddies