《牛津词典》:2020年度词汇?太难选了
2020.12.01
林伯虎
难度:CSE9
课程导读
每年,《牛津词典》都会选择一个年度词汇来概括过去的一年,由于2020年太过特殊,无法用一个词概括,《牛津词典》强调了3个年度词汇。年度词汇的筛选标准是什么?今年《牛津词典》选出的年度词汇是什么?有什么含义?一起来听今天的讲解。
英文原文
Oxford’s 2020 Word of the Year? It’s Too Hard to Isolate
牛津2020年度词汇?太难选了
By Jennifer Schuessler
Oxford Languages’s annual Word of the Year is usually a tribute to the protean creativity of English and the reality of constant linguistic change, throwing a spotlight on zeitgeisty neologisms like “selfie,” “vape” and “unfriend.”
牛津语言公司选出的年度词汇,通常是向英语千变万化的创新性,以及语言不断变迁的现实致敬,它会把目光聚焦于能彰显时代风貌的新词,例如“selfie(自拍)”、“vape(吸电子烟)”和“unfriend(解除好友关系)”。
This year, Oxford Languages, the publisher of the Oxford English Dictionary, has forgone the selection of a single word in favor of highlighting the coronavirus pandemic’s swift and sudden linguistic impact on English.
今年,《牛津英语词典》的出版方——牛津语言公司,没有挑选单个词汇,而是着眼于新冠疫情给英语语言学带来的突如其来的快速冲击。
“What struck the team as most distinctive in 2020 was the sheer scale and scope of change,” Katherine Connor Martin, the company’s head of product, said in an interview. “This event was experienced globally and by its nature changed the way we express every other thing that happened this year.”
该公司的产品负责人凯瑟琳·康纳·马丁在一次采访中表示:“2020年,语言变化的程度之深、范围之广让我们团队非常震惊。新冠疫情这个大事件席卷全球,它从本质上改变了我们对今年发生的所有事情的语言表达。”
The Word of the Year is based on usage evidence drawn from Oxford’s continually updated corpus of more than eleven billion words. The selection is meant “to reflect the ethos, mood or preoccupations” of the preceding year, while also having “lasting potential as a term of cultural significance.”
通过从牛津语料库获取的词汇真实使用情况,筛选出年度词汇,该语料库包含超过110亿单词,并仍在持续更新。选出的词汇旨在“反映该年度的社会风貌、社会氛围以及焦点事件”,还要具有“能产生持久文化影响力的潜力”。
The 2020 report does highlight some zippy new coinages, like “Blursday”, “covidiots” and “doomscrolling”. But mostly, it underlines how the pandemic has utterly dominated public conversation, and given us a new collective vocabulary almost overnight.
2020年度报告中的确强调了一些活泼的候选新词,例如“Blursday(浑浑噩噩的一天)”、 “covidiots(新冠白痴)”和 “doomscrolling(末日恐慌者)”。但最关键的是,这份报告着重强调了,疫情多么彻底地占据了我们公共谈话的方方面面,并总能在一夜之间,就炮制出一系列的新词。