赵婷金球奖获奖作品《无依之地》讲了什么?
华人女导演赵婷凭借《无依之地》获得了金球奖最佳导演奖,她也成为首位获得该奖项的亚裔女导演。著名影评人 Joe Morgenstern在《华尔街日报》发表影评,深度分析这部影片的成功之处,及其背后的社会价值。这部小成本公路片究竟有何亮点?一起进入今天的讲解。
英文原文
‘Nomadland’ Review: A Tale of Roaming and Yearning
《无依之地》影评:一个关于游荡与渴望的故事
By Joe Morgenstern
A road movie like no other, “Nomadland” is a modest masterpiece like no other.
《无依之地》是一部独一无二的公路电影,一部不炫技却与众不同的杰作。
Set in the vastness of the West and deeply in the American grain, it was written, directed and edited by Chloé Zhao, a filmmaker who was born and raised in Beijing. Her film could qualify as ethnography, a study of a little-known subset of older and just plain old Americans trying to survive on the margins of society, but it is mainly a transcendent work of fiction centered on a woman in her 60s—that’s Fern, a wanderer by circumstance and choice.
虽然《无依之地》的背景设定在幅员辽阔的美国西部,故事也极具美国特质,但它却是由生长于北京的电影人赵婷执导、编剧和剪辑的。赵婷的这部电影称得上是一部“人种志”作品,研究的是一个少有人知的群体——那些老去的美国普通人,他们正在社会边缘挣扎生存。但它首先是一部出色的虚构作品,关注的焦点是一位六十多岁的女人。这个女人就是菲恩,一位半是自愿,半是为环境所迫的流浪者。
Fern is new at nomadism. She had a good office job at a sheetrock plant in Nevada and was married to a good man, but her husband died and the plant shut down. With no savings to fall back on and no safety net for adequate support, she has joined a transient community of men and women in their 60s, 70s and 80s who roam the country in vans or RVs, grabbing gig work where they can find it.
菲恩才刚刚开始流浪的生活。她原本在内华达的一家石膏厂有份不错的办公室工作,还嫁了个好男人。但她的丈夫去世了,工厂也倒闭了。菲恩没有积蓄可以依赖,也不能指望什么保障措施来维持生活,于是,她加入了一支由流动人口组成的队伍,队伍里都是些六十多、七十多或者八十多岁的老人,他们开着货车或者房车在全国各地游荡,在哪里找到了临时工作就去做。
Ms. Zhao based her screenplay on Jessica Bruder’s 2018 book of the same name, an exceptional piece of nonfiction that emphasized social and economic upheaval in the wake of the Great Recession.
赵婷的电影剧本是根据杰西卡·布鲁德2018年的同名书(该作品中文译为《荒原:在21世纪的美国生存》)改编的,这部优秀的非虚构作品重点表现了经济大衰退之后美国社会和经济的巨变。
What makes the film such a special achievement is the merging of complementary sensibilities. Ms. Zhao has taken this rich source material into the realm of plain-spoken drama and clear-eyed poetry.
这部电影的成功之处在于,它让两种相辅相成的情感体验发生交融。赵婷将丰富的原素材推向了另一个维度,既有直截了当的情节,也像诗歌一样犀利、透彻。
Instead of wondering if these gray-bearded loners and care-worn women should be colored red or blue, we see them as Americans who help one another through hard times. And rather than categorize their way of life solely as a response to recession and unemployment, it’s possible to view it as prophecy, a way for many more Americans to survive in a future when economic and environmental dislocations become more frequent.
比起追究这些胡子都白了的孤独者和饱经忧患的妇女在政治上属于哪个党派阵营,我们更愿意将他们看作是互相帮助、共渡时艰的美国人。或许,与其说他们的生活方式是对经济大衰退以及失业的回应,不如将其视为一种预言。在未来,如果经济和环境的混乱出现得更加频繁,这或许会是更多美国人生存的方式。
【内容拓展】
公路电影(英语:Road Movie)或称为公路片,是一种将故事主题或背景设定在公路上的电影类型,剧中的主角往往是为了某些原因而展开一段旅程,剧情会随着旅程进展而深入描述主角的内心世界。简单来说,就是电影的故事是发生在路上的,以一段旅途的进展来映射主人公的情感或人生态度的变化。这种电影类型最早诞生于好莱坞。美国被称为车轮上的国家,汽车文化非常的发达,二战后美国鼓励汽车消费,州与州之间的公路网络也很便利。相反,铁路网络却是非常的匮乏。所以自驾是美国人出行最主要的一种方式。公路旅途是美国生活当中很具有代表性的一个场景,很多故事也都发生在旅途当中。公路电影这个类型片当中,也诞生了很多经典之作,比如早期的《末路狂花》,以及最近的《绿皮书》等等。很多中国导演也在尝试拍公路片,比如我们熟悉的《心花路放》《后会无期》等。
【作者信息】
Joe Morganstern
美国媒体界非常有名也非常资深的一位电影评论家,他曾经凭借影评获得过新闻界的奥斯卡——普利策奖(the Pulitzer Prize)