介绍:
Host (ZY): Well, Professor Liu, so what is the central source of air pollution in China and especially for Beijing? Most of the pollution, it seems, is being blamed on coal-fired power plants, vehicle emissions and construction and factory work, though in this case, what can be done?
Guest (Liu Baocheng): Well I think one is with the Chinese industrial pattern, because China, as the world’s largest factory, is doing the dirty work for the whole world. The other, of course, is the heavy concentration on coal burning for the power supply. If you look at the world average for coal burning, each nation is below 30%, whereas China is relying on 63 or more on the coal burning, and also the coal grade is really questionable, so we do not really have the right washing technology and cleaning technology, despite the fact we employed the Electricity to the East program. We burned more of the coal in the Shaanxi area and supplied electricity to the Eastern coastal area. That will not really completely solve the problem, so now it’s basically the need that, still, we are going forward towards mature industrialization and modernization, which requires huge power. That’s something that’s inevitable.
Guest (Jean-Marc F. Blanchard): This is a long-term process and it is not going to be easy, but there are two things that need to be done very soon, and one is that more market-based pricing needs to be applied on energy, so that it is not used in such a wasteful fashion as it is in many different cases. Raising the prices of energy is always tough, because it hits people hard who don’t have income, or it might hit businesses that are treading water, but this is the only way to encourage more efficient usage. The other thing, too, is that really there is a need to cut back on overcapacity, and so this is definitely a strategy to hit two birds with one stone. One is, China does have overcapacity in a number of areas, and Premier Li Keqiang has said that he really wants to move seriously on it and get rid of zombie enterprises and the like, and then the other is that by removing these industries, you get rid of their wasteful energy uses, so changing the prices of energy and then also dealing with the overcapacity problem are two things that I think need to be done soon. However, it’s very difficult to do in the current economic environment, because of the re-jiggering of the economy to a different kind of economy, and the slowing that has been witnessed in accordance with that, but it just has to be done. The pollution levels are really too high and there’s a hidden cost associated with that, which is very hard to quantify but very real, I mean peoples’ health is being affected.
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